Discover the Caldeira Velha Natural Monument – A Hidden Gem in São Miguel

Nestled on the northern slopes of the Água de Pau mountain range, the Caldeira Velha Natural Monument is one of the most captivating natural sites on São Miguel. This protected area blends dramatic volcanic landscapes, endemic biodiversity, and natural thermal experiences in a magical setting that enchants visitors from around the world.

woman walking inside a thermal pool with a waterfall

What Is Caldeira Velha?

Covering approximately 13 hectares, Caldeira Velha lies in the municipality of Ribeira Grande, on the flanks of the Fogo Volcano, near the stunning Lagoa do Fogo.
It is an area of secondary volcanism, characterized by:

  • Thermal springs rich in iron and fumaroles

  • Natural waterfalls and warm thermal pools, with temperatures reaching around 38 °C (100 °F)

  • Unique geological formations and lush vegetation that combines native and endemic species with vibrant green forest.

An Unforgettable Thermal Experience

One of Caldeira Velha’s main highlights is its natural thermal pools. Surrounded by dense, tropical-like vegetation, these warm pools—heated by geothermal energy—offer a relaxing and immersive experience in the heart of nature.

💡 Tip: The pleasant water temperatures make these pools ideal for unwinding after a day of exploring São Miguel.

Environmental Interpretation Center

At the heart of the site you’ll find the Caldeira Velha Environmental Interpretation Center, dedicated to showcasing the region’s natural heritage. Visitors can learn about:

  • The volcanic origin of the Azores

  • How geothermal phenomena work

  • The area’s biodiversity and geodiversity

This center combines environmental education with tourism, enriching the overall visit.

Unique Flora and Fauna

Despite the presence of some introduced species, Caldeira Velha still preserves important Azorean endemic plants, such as:

  • Azorean heather (Erica azorica)

  • Malfurada (Hypericum foliosum)

  • Azorean holly (Ilex azorica)

  • Royal fern (Osmunda regalis)

The area is also home to diverse birdlife, including the Azores buzzard and chaffinch, often seen along the trails.

🎟️ Plan Your Visit

To protect this precious natural space, visitor numbers are limited, and access is controlled. Booking tickets online in advance is highly recommended—especially if you plan to enjoy the thermal pools. We offer numerous tours that include this visit, such as our 2-day tour, or, if you prefer to travel in an adventure style, our private tours are the ideal way to explore all the natural parks.

Why Visit Caldeira Velha?

✔️ Unique contact with nature
✔️ Relaxing natural hot springs
✔️ Impressive volcanic scenery
✔️ Environmental and cultural learning
✔️ Perfect destination for eco-tourism lovers

If you’re planning a trip to São Miguel, Caldeira Velha is a must-see stop on your itinerary—a place where the power of nature meets serenity in a truly unforgettable setting. 🌿✨